{"id":70842,"date":"2022-05-31T11:18:23","date_gmt":"2022-05-31T15:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/?p=70842"},"modified":"2026-09-28T16:52:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T20:52:06","slug":"limpression-3d-biologique-utilise-des-biomateriaux-en-constante-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/limpression-3d-biologique-utilise-des-biomateriaux-en-constante-evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce que la bio-impression 4D et son r\u00f4le en biom\u00e9decine ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"70842\" class=\"elementor elementor-70842 elementor-20940\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-118fb24 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"118fb24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff031a3\" data-id=\"ff031a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b22cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14b22cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Article de Rheolution<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef8c7d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef8c7d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la bio-impression 4D et son r\u00f4le en biom\u00e9decine ?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce354fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce354fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raw_components--panel--3IcXg inspect_panels--inspectionPanel--3Wboz\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"inspect_panels--copyableRow--2_PiZ inspect_panels--highlightRow--21P9S\"><div class=\"inspect_panels--propertyRowContent--7Y-mu inspect_panels--copyableRow--2_PiZ inspect_panels--highlightRow--21P9S\"><div class=\"inspect_panels--contentProperty--2Z1QI text--fontPos11--RSei3 text--_fontBase--YWDo0 ellipsis--ellipsisAfter8Lines--2rn32 ellipsis--_ellipsisAfterNLines--26JkZ\"><p>par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/antoine-frayssinet-986030151\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">le Dr Antoine Frayssinet<\/a>,<br \/>sp\u00e9cialiste senior des applications chez Rheolution Inc.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6664b86 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6664b86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b4dd30\" data-id=\"3b4dd30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355c538 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"355c538\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?fit=1024%2C341&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-44573\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?w=1800&amp;ssl=1 1800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=300%2C100&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=1024%2C341&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=768%2C256&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=1536%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=1200%2C400&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=260%2C87&amp;ssl=1 260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=50%2C17&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?resize=150%2C50&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 700px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-attachment-id=\"44573\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/limpression-3d-biologique-utilise-des-biomateriaux-en-constante-evolution\/attachment\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?fit=1800%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"4D bioprinting picture\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rheolution_article_4d_bioprinting_may_2022_v2.jpg?fit=1024%2C341&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd28cb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd28cb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En quoi la bio-impression 4D diff\u00e8re-t-elle de l'impression 3D ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f8830 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68f8830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les objets imprim\u00e9s en 3D et ensemenc\u00e9s de cellules, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre implant\u00e9s dans le corps humain, sont con\u00e7us pour soulager ponctuellement une d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence ou une maladie sp\u00e9cifique. Cependant, ces implants sont statiques et inanim\u00e9s, contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019environnement des tissus natifs, qui est dynamique et dans lequel les tissus sont soumis, au fil du temps, \u00e0 des stimuli biophysiques, biochimiques et m\u00e9caniques fluctuants. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la bio-impression 4D, la communaut\u00e9 scientifique a r\u00e9cemment int\u00e9gr\u00e9 le \u00ab temps \u00bb en tant que quatri\u00e8me dimension : les \u00e9chafaudages et les hydrogels ont la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9voluer au fil du temps apr\u00e8s leur impression, soit de mani\u00e8re biologique, soit sous l\u2019effet d\u2019un stimulus externe.  <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32ae1f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"32ae1f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment les stimuli d\u00e9clenchent-ils un changement de forme dans les biomat\u00e9riaux 4D ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fba83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fba83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tout d\u2019abord, une d\u00e9formation post-impression peut \u00eatre provoqu\u00e9e en soumettant l\u2019hydrogel \u00e0 des stimuli physiques, par exemple un champ magn\u00e9tique, un changement de temp\u00e9rature (par exemple avec du poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) ou du poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL)), une irradiation lumineuse ou l\u2019humidit\u00e9 (par exemple avec du poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne glycol (PEG) bicouche). <a href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/2022\/05\/19\/a-morphodynamic-biocompatible-hydrogel-for-complex-and-evolutive-tissue-engineering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u2019article du mois<\/a> de la semaine derni\u00e8re consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la bio-impression 4D pr\u00e9sentait un exemple concret d\u2019hydrogel \u00e0 base d\u2019alginate, sensible \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re et capable de se plier pour former des formes complexes en fonction de l\u2019exposition \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re induite apr\u00e8s l\u2019impression. La complexit\u00e9 des formes con\u00e7ues peut \u00eatre tout \u00e0 fait impressionnante : l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Dr Lewis a par exemple utilis\u00e9 des fibrilles de cellulose m\u00e9lang\u00e9es \u00e0 de l\u2019acrylamide pour reproduire la structure d\u2019une fleur d\u2019orchid\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une encre composite biocompatible (figure ci-dessous) [3]. Ces hydrogels extrud\u00e9s en vrac peuvent ainsi changer de forme apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 imprim\u00e9s. L\u2019effet souhait\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l\u2019impression peut toutefois varier.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9857ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9857ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment la bio-impression 4D peut-elle permettre une lib\u00e9ration contr\u00f4l\u00e9e de m\u00e9dicaments ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fbd933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fbd933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La forme peut \u00eatre con\u00e7ue au cours du processus d&rsquo;impression gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une approche multi-\u00e9chelle, par exemple par bio-impression \u00e0 jet d&rsquo;encre, et la lib\u00e9ration des m\u00e9dicaments encapsul\u00e9s peut \u00eatre d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par la suite. Des liposomes \u2013 des microsph\u00e8res lipidiques \u00e0 double couche imitant synth\u00e9tiquement les membranes cellulaires \u2013 ont par exemple \u00e9t\u00e9 imprim\u00e9s en contenant deux concentrations diff\u00e9rentes en sel. En tirant parti de ce gradient d\u2019osmolarit\u00e9 induit, les auteurs ont pu fa\u00e7onner des macrosph\u00e8res en 3D capables, en cas de variation de temp\u00e9rature ou de pH, de lib\u00e9rer les composants charg\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de chaque microsph\u00e8re imprim\u00e9e [4].  <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77998d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77998d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Que sont les micro-nageurs et comment fonctionnent-ils ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68ff7ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68ff7ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une autre \u00e9quipe de l&rsquo;ETH Zurich a mis au point des nano-hydrogels \u00e0 base de g\u00e9latine m\u00e9thacryl\u00e9e (GelMA) photor\u00e9ticulable et non cytotoxique. Sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7us pour l\u2019administration cibl\u00e9e de m\u00e9dicaments, ces nano-hydrogels, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9s \u00ab microswimmers \u00bb, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rendus magn\u00e9tiquement r\u00e9actifs gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019ajout de nanoparticules magn\u00e9tiques \u00e0 leur surface [5]. Imprim\u00e9s sous une forme h\u00e9lico\u00efdale afin d\u2019optimiser leurs performances de nage dans les fluides corporels, ces \u00ab microswimmers \u00bb constituent des vecteurs de m\u00e9dicaments stables pouvant \u00eatre guid\u00e9s vers les tissus cibles \u00e0 l\u2019aide de champs magn\u00e9tiques. Une fois en place, ils peuvent lib\u00e9rer le m\u00e9dicament dont ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9s, puis se d\u00e9grader rapidement (5 \u00e0 15 minutes) sous l\u2019action de la collag\u00e9nase (enzyme qui dig\u00e8re le collag\u00e8ne et la g\u00e9latine), en produisant des r\u00e9sidus de d\u00e9gradation non cytotoxiques. Dans ce cas, la quatri\u00e8me dimension s\u2019exprime par la d\u00e9gradation enzymatique du gel sur une courte p\u00e9riode.    <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6959667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6959667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment les d\u00e9clencheurs biologiques influencent-ils les biomat\u00e9riaux 4D ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-452dbe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"452dbe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En effet, des signaux biologiques tels que la concentration en glucose ou la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019enzymes sp\u00e9cifiques peuvent avoir un impact sur les hydrogels imprim\u00e9s. Une \u00e9tude conjointe men\u00e9e par l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Caroline du Nord (\u00c9tats-Unis) et l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Soochow (Chine) a fait \u00e9tat, en 2018, d\u2019un biomat\u00e9riau \u00e0 base de poly(alcool vinylique) (PVA) sensible aux esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9actives de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne (ERO), produites biologiquement dans les microenvironnements tumoraux. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette biod\u00e9gradation programm\u00e9e, l\u2019hydrogel \u00e0 base de PVA a permis de renforcer la r\u00e9ponse antitumorale in vivo et de pr\u00e9venir la r\u00e9cidive tumorale en lib\u00e9rant localement le m\u00e9dicament antitumoral, avant de se d\u00e9grader au bout de trois semaines [6]. Selon le m\u00eame principe, des biomat\u00e9riaux sensibles au pH, tels que le collag\u00e8ne, la g\u00e9latine et la k\u00e9ratine, pourraient s\u2019av\u00e9rer utiles \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des sites inflammatoires, o\u00f9 les valeurs de pH baissent.   <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4865f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4865f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment les cellules induisent-elles la maturation en 4D des hydrogels ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b4b26b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b4b26b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les fonctionnalit\u00e9s des hydrogels r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es progressivement au fur et \u00e0 mesure de la maturation de la matrice elle-m\u00eame, les cellules ensemenc\u00e9es, en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 leur environnement, fonctionnant alors comme une micro-usine pour produire leurs propres matrices et profils ph\u00e9notypiques, adapt\u00e9s au tissu d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 cibl\u00e9 (voir la figure ci-dessus). La nature de cette micro-production peut \u00eatre modul\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aide de facteurs de croissance, de facteurs de diff\u00e9renciation (dans le cas de cellules souches ensemenc\u00e9es) ou, par exemple, en fonction des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques de l\u2019implant [7]. La prise en compte de cette activit\u00e9 cellulaire lors du d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un biomat\u00e9riau destin\u00e9 \u00e0 un usage clinique n\u2019est pas incompatible avec la stimulation post-impression du biomat\u00e9riau elle-m\u00eame. En s\u2019inspirant d\u2019une technique d\u2019origami, Kuribayashi-Shigetomi et al. ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 exploiter la force de traction cellulaire des fibroblastes (cellules fusiformes courantes) pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des microstructures 3D complexes telles qu\u2019un cube, une sph\u00e8re ou un tube creux. Dans ce cas, les cellules ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ensemenc\u00e9es sur des microplaques de verre partiellement recouvertes de fibronectine. La quatri\u00e8me dimension a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de ces cellules \u00e0 exercer une traction sur leur environnement au fil du temps, ce qui a permis de concevoir des \u00e9chafaudages 3D [8].     <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a089be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a089be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Applications concr\u00e8tes : stents et pansements intelligents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfb1f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfb1f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des biomat\u00e9riaux imprim\u00e9s en 4D ont fait l\u2019objet de recherches en vue de la mise au point de stents \u2013 des structures creuses plac\u00e9es, par exemple, dans une art\u00e8re ou une veine, afin d\u2019en renforcer la structure. Le clinicien peut facilement ins\u00e9rer le stent enroul\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du tissu humain, puis, \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un stimulus sp\u00e9cifique, le d\u00e9ployer afin qu\u2019il soutienne efficacement le vaisseau humain. Des mod\u00e8les performants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d\u2019un biomat\u00e9riau \u00e0 base de PEG m\u00e9thacryl\u00e9, d\u2019alginate ou d\u2019acide hyaluronique [9][10]. Pour conclure cette br\u00e8ve revue par une derni\u00e8re application, un pansement intelligent a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au point par l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Dr Akbari au Canada : ce pansement d\u00e9tecte les infections bact\u00e9riennes en surveillant le pH (gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un affichage ext\u00e9rieur de couleurs sp\u00e9cifiques, des marqueurs visuels d\u00e9pendant du pH mesur\u00e9). Une fois l\u2019infection d\u00e9tect\u00e9e, l\u2019hydrogel imprim\u00e9 lib\u00e8re des agents antibiotiques au niveau de la plaie afin de lutter contre l\u2019infection [11].    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac5b262 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac5b262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf53c54\" data-id=\"bf53c54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c70a458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c70a458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quel est l'avenir de la bio-impression 4D dans le domaine des sciences de la vie ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-762f72c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"762f72c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: &apos;Red Hat Text&apos;, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\">Avec ses nombreuses applications, la bio-impression 4D constitue une technologie tr\u00e8s prometteuse pour le domaine biom\u00e9dical. Il reste toutefois des d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever, tels que la ma\u00eetrise de l&rsquo;alignement cellulaire afin de reproduire plus fid\u00e8lement les tissus naturels. Un exemple d&rsquo;alignement cellulaire micro-anisotrope a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans notre    <\/span><a style=\"font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;font-family: &apos;Red Hat Text&apos;, sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/2022\/03\/31\/an-anisotropic-composite-bioink-for-cartilage-tissue-engineering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article du mois<\/a><span style=\"font-family: &apos;Red Hat Text&apos;, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\">  publi\u00e9 en mars. Un autre d\u00e9fi majeur consiste \u00e0 mettre au point des bio-encres pr\u00e9sentant des caract\u00e9ristiques adapt\u00e9es au tissu d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 cibl\u00e9, tant en termes de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques, de population cellulaire et de ph\u00e9notype que de nature et de complexit\u00e9 de la matrice extracellulaire. Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, l&rsquo;utilisation des diff\u00e9rents proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de bio-impression 3D pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans notre dernier    <\/span><a style=\"font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;font-family: &apos;Red Hat Text&apos;, sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/2022\/04\/21\/3d-bioprinting-a-promising-technology-for-tissue-engineering-and-regenerative-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article de Rheolution<\/a><span style=\"font-family: &apos;Red Hat Text&apos;, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\"> En avril, la bio-impression 4D progresse de mani\u00e8re encourageante, passant des \u00e9tudes de \u00ab validation de principe \u00bb aux applications cliniques.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d3677e elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d3677e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-042d8d9\" data-id=\"042d8d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75bdd9d elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--valign-middle elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"75bdd9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/4-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&#038;ssl=1);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"ElastoSens\u2122 Bio\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElastoSens\u1d50\u1d9c Bio\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00e9couvrez comment notre technologie mesure de mani\u00e8re non destructive les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s visco\u00e9lastiques des biomat\u00e9riaux mous et des tissus en utilisant des micro-volumes d\u2019\u00e9chantillons\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/produits\/elastosens-bio\/instrument\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEn savoir plus\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-098c4c5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"098c4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9c140d\" data-id=\"d9c140d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27931fe elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--valign-middle elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"27931fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/4-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&#038;ssl=1);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"ElastoSens\u2122 Bio\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElastoSens\u1d50\u1d9c Bio\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00e9couvrez comment notre technologie mesure de mani\u00e8re non destructive les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s visco\u00e9lastiques des biomat\u00e9riaux mous et des tissus en utilisant des micro-volumes d\u2019\u00e9chantillons\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/produits\/elastosens-bio\/instrument\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEn savoir plus\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f75e0cb elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f75e0cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3762850\" data-id=\"3762850\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d7b0c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d7b0c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59dbf29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59dbf29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>[1] Gao, B., Yang, Q., Zhao, X., Jin, G., Ma, Y., Xu, F., (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167779916000664\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4D Bioprinting for Biomedical Applications<\/a>. Trends Biotechnology, Special Issue: Biofabrication, 34, 746\u2013756. <\/p><p>[2] Yang, Q., Gao, B., Xu, F., (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/biot.201900086\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recent Advances in 4D Bioprinting<\/a>. Biotechnology Journal, 15, 1900086.<\/p><p>[3] Sydney Gladman, A., Matsumoto, E.A., Nuzzo, R.G., Mahadevan, L., Lewis, J.A., (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biomimetic 4D printing<\/a>. Nature Materials, 15, 413\u2013418. <\/p><p>[4] Villar, G., Graham, A.D., Bayley, H., (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1229495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Tissue-Like Printed Material<\/a>. Science, 340, 48\u201352. <\/p><p>[5] Wang, X., Qin, X.-H., Hu, C., Terzopoulou, A., Chen, X.-Z., Huang, T.-Y., Maniura-Weber, K., Pan\u00e9, S., Nelson, B.J., (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.201804107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3D Printed Enzymatically Biodegradable Soft Helical Microswimmers<\/a>. Advanced Functional Materials, 28, 1804107.<\/p><p>[6] Wang, C., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, S., Wen, D., Hu, Q., Ye, Y., Bomba, H., Hu, X., Liu, Z., Dotti, G., Gu, Z., (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29467299\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In situ formed reactive oxygen species-responsive scaffold with gemcitabine and checkpoint inhibitor for combination therapy<\/a>. Science Translational Medicine, 10(429), eaan3682. <\/p><p>[7] Engler, A.J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H.L., Discher, D.E., (2006). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16923388\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification<\/a>. Cell, 126, 677\u2013689. <\/p><p>[8] Kuribayashi-Shigetomi, K., Onoe, H., Takeuchi, S., (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0051085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cell Origami: Self-Folding of Three-Dimensional Cell-Laden Microstructures Driven by Cell Traction Force<\/a>. PLOS ONE, 7, e51085. <\/p><p>[9] Ge, Q., Sakhaei, A.H., Lee, H., Dunn, C.K., Fang, N.X., Dunn, M.L., (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27499417\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multimaterial 4D Printing with Tailorable Shape Memory Polymers<\/a>. Scientific Reports, 6, 31110. <\/p><p>[10] Kirillova, A., Maxson, R., Stoychev, G., Gomillion, C.T., Ionov, L., (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29024044\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4D Biofabrication Using Shape-Morphing Hydrogels<\/a>. Advanced Materials, 29(46). <\/p><p>[11] Mirani, B., Pagan, E., Currie, B., Siddiqui, M.A., Hosseinzadeh, R., Mostafalu, P., Zhang, Y.S., Ghahary, A., Akbari, M., (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28944601\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An Advanced Multifunctional Hydrogel-Based Dressing for Wound Monitoring and Drug Delivery<\/a>. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 6(19). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcc39b elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcc39b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-641f930\" data-id=\"641f930\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf93633 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bf93633\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">N'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter pour en savoir plus<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-904ec13 elementor-section-stretched animated-slow elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" 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connexes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42be04b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42be04b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2054c8\" data-id=\"f2054c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0024a76 premium-blog-cta-full-yes premium-floating-effects-yes premium-disable-fe-yes premium-blog-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-blog\" data-id=\"0024a76\" 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data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"FRESH bioprinting process\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?fit=1024%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?resize=300%2C113&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?resize=1024%2C384&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?resize=768%2C288&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?resize=260%2C98&amp;ssl=1 260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?resize=50%2C19&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/webcover2.jpg?resize=150%2C56&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 700px, (max-width:1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-thumbnail-overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/le-potentiel-des-produits-frais-en-bio-impression\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la bio-impression FRESH et comment fonctionne-t-elle ?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-content-wrapper \">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-inner-container\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"premium-blog-entry-title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/le-potentiel-des-produits-frais-en-bio-impression\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\tQu&rsquo;est-ce que la bio-impression FRESH et comment fonctionne-t-elle ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-entry-meta\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-content-inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t<p class=\"premium-blog-post-content\">Avez-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00eav\u00e9 de caissons de soins dignes d\u2019un film de science-fiction ? Le principe de flottabilit\u00e9 neutre qui les sous-tend a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 une solution unique pour l\u2019impression 3D avec des encres souples, semblables \u00e0 des liquides. La technique de bio-impression FRESH (Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels) a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise au point pour permettre l\u2019impression de ces mat\u00e9riaux d\u00e9licats, id\u00e9aux pour les applications d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie tissulaire. Le secret r\u00e9side dans un bain de support ing\u00e9nieusement con\u00e7u, capable de maintenir les structures souples tout en permettant le mouvement de l\u2019aiguille de l\u2019extrudeuse. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa polyvalence, \u00e0 la viabilit\u00e9 cellulaire \u00e9lev\u00e9e qu\u2019elle garantit et \u00e0 son potentiel pour l\u2019impression de structures de grande taille, la technique FRESH ouvre un monde de possibilit\u00e9s, nous rapprochant un peu plus de la bio-impression 3D de tissus sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 chaque patient, \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es anatomiques.<\/p><div class=\"premium-blog-excerpt-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/le-potentiel-des-produits-frais-en-bio-impression\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"premium-blog-excerpt-link elementor-button\">Lire la suite \u00bb<\/a><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-post-outer-container\" data-total=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-post-container premium-blog-skin-classic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-thumb-effect-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-thumbnail-container premium-blog-zoomin-effect\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?fit=1200%2C450&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-44521\" alt=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"44521\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/methodes-dimpression-3d-de-echafaudages-a-base-dalginate\/attachment\/webanner-5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?fit=1200%2C450&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"webanner\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?fit=1024%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?resize=300%2C113&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?resize=1024%2C384&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?resize=768%2C288&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?resize=260%2C98&amp;ssl=1 260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?resize=50%2C19&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rheolution.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/webanner.jpg?resize=150%2C56&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 700px, (max-width:1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-thumbnail-overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/methodes-dimpression-3d-de-echafaudages-a-base-dalginate\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">M\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;impression 3D de matrices \u00e0 base d&rsquo;alginate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-content-wrapper \">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-inner-container\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"premium-blog-entry-title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/methodes-dimpression-3d-de-echafaudages-a-base-dalginate\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;impression 3D de matrices \u00e0 base d&rsquo;alginate\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-entry-meta\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-blog-content-inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t<p class=\"premium-blog-post-content\">En janvier 2022, nous avons \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les hydrogels d\u2019alginate dans le domaine de l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie tissulaire et de l\u2019administration de m\u00e9dicaments. L\u2019alginate, souvent utilis\u00e9 comme bio-encre dans la bio-impression 3D, forme des hydrogels aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s ajustables. Nous avons examin\u00e9 les effets d\u2019une concentration variable en CaCl\u2082 sur la r\u00e9ticulation de l\u2019alginate, un processus crucial pour l\u2019impression 3D. En raison de la faible viscosit\u00e9 de l\u2019alginate, les m\u00e9thodes d\u2019impression comprennent la pr\u00e9-r\u00e9ticulation avec du CaCl\u2082, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une aiguille coaxiale pour une r\u00e9ticulation imm\u00e9diate, ou le m\u00e9lange de l\u2019alginate avec d\u2019autres biomat\u00e9riaux afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019imprimabilit\u00e9.<\/p><div class=\"premium-blog-excerpt-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rheolution.com\/fr\/articles-rheolution\/methodes-dimpression-3d-de-echafaudages-a-base-dalginate\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"premium-blog-excerpt-link elementor-button\">Lire la suite \u00bb<\/a><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La bio-impression 4D introduit le \u00ab temps \u00bb comme quatri\u00e8me dimension, permettant ainsi aux objets imprim\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9voluer au fil du temps. Des stimuli physiques tels que la lumi\u00e8re, la temp\u00e9rature ou le magn\u00e9tisme peuvent induire des transformations. Le processus de bio-impression peut \u00e9galement permettre une lib\u00e9ration cibl\u00e9e de m\u00e9dicaments gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des variations de temp\u00e9rature ou de pH. Les nano-hydrogels peuvent servir de vecteurs de m\u00e9dicaments, guid\u00e9s par des champs magn\u00e9tiques, et se d\u00e9grader rapidement sous l&rsquo;action d&rsquo;enzymes. De plus, les hydrogels peuvent r\u00e9agir \u00e0 des signaux biologiques, contribuant ainsi au traitement des tumeurs en lib\u00e9rant des m\u00e9dicaments avant de se biod\u00e9grader progressivement.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":195401338,"featured_media":44572,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[306],"tags":[98,91,124,105],"class_list":["post-70842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-rheolution","tag-3d-bioprinting","tag-hydrogels","tag-life-sciences","tag-tissue-engineering"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u2019est-ce que la bio-impression 4D et son 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